2015 Porsche 911 Targa 4 in Riverside

Steering

Electromechanical power steering

Another possible definition of efficiency is a system that works only when it is needed, and then does so in a particularly effective way.

This was the guiding principle for our engineers in the development of the electromechanical power steering. Statis- tics show that a car drives in a straight line 90% of the time. Unlike conventional hydraulic pumps, the electric motor uses energy only when the steering wheel is actually turned. The absence of hydraulic fluid also makes the system more beneficial to the environment.

As far as the other 10% is concerned, we’re optimally prepared as the steering system is typically Porsche. It features a variable steering ratio and responds sensitively and directly at the same time as providing customary agility, a high level of comfort and precisely selected feedback from the road. Our definition of efficient.

Power steering Plus

Power steering Plus, the comfort-enhancing power steering system, is available as an option for the 911 Carrera models. At high speeds, the steering is as firm as possible, ensuring maximum precision whilst steer- ing comfort remains as high. At low speeds, the steering ratio of Power steering Plus adjusts for much easier manoeuvring and parking.

Sport Chrono Package

SPORT Button

Exceptional design and a sporty character are not mutually exclusive, as the SPORT button proves. It enables you to select a suspension setup where the emphasis is on either comfort or sporty performance. At the push of a button, the electronic engine management system switches the engine mapping to offer an even sharper response and engine dynamics that are more direct.

In vehicles with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK), upshifts take place at higher engine speeds and downshifts happen sooner. In addition, coasting mode and the Auto Start Stop function are automatically deactivated. If fitted, the optional Sport exhaust system is also activated automatically.

Sport Chrono Package

The Sport Chrono Package including dynamic engine mounts is available as an option. This integrated system provides simultaneous enhancement for the chassis, engine and transmission. Included in the package are a performance display, a digital and an analog stopwatch and the SPORT PLUS button. An additional display in the steering wheel and instrument cluster indicates whether the SPORT buttons and Launch Control have been activated.

On activation of SPORT PLUS mode, Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) and, in the new 911 Targa 4S, the optional Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC) switch to a harder damping setting and offer more direct steering and, therefore, better road holding.

In combination with PDK, the Sport Chrono Package has two additional functions: ‘Launch Control’, which can be used on the track to achieve the best possible standing start, and the ‘motorsport-derived gearshift strategy’ featuring extremely short shift times and optimum shift points for maximum acceleration.

Dynamic engine mounts

The dynamic engine mounts are included as part of the Sport Chrono Package. The electronically controlled system minimises the oscillations and vibrations of the entire drivetrain, especially the engine, and combines the benefits of a hard or soft engine mounting arrangement.

The stiffness and damping properties of the engine mounts are adapted to changes in driving style and road surface conditions. Handling is noticeably more stable under load change conditions and in fast corners. Whenever a less assertive driving style is adopted, the dynamic engine mounts provide a greater level of comfort.

Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus (PTV Plus)

PTV in conjunction with the manual gearbox, or PTV Plus with Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK), are available as options for the 911 Carrera models and standard in the S models. Both systems actively enhance vehicle dynamics and stability. Operating in conjunction with a mechanical (PTV) or electronic (PTV Plus) rear differential lock, they work by intelligently braking the rear wheels as the situation demands.

As a function of steering angle and steering speed, accelerator pedal position, yaw rate and vehicle speed, PTV and PTV Plus are able to improve steering response and steering precision by specific braking of the right or left rear wheel.

To be more precise, this means that when the car is driven assertively into a corner, moderate brake pressure is applied to the inside rear wheel. Consequently, a greater amount of drive force is distributed to the outside rear wheel, inducing an additional rotational pulse (yaw movement) around the vehicle’s vertical axis. This results in a direct and sporty steering action as the car enters the corner.

At low and medium vehicle speeds, PTV and PTV Plus significantly increase agility and steering precision. At high speeds and when accelerating out of corners, the rear differential lock ensures greater driving stability. With PTV, the differential lock is regulated mechanically; with PTV Plus, it is regulated electronically and the torque distribution is infinitely variable. Whichever system is fitted, it interacts with Porsche Stability Management (PSM) to improve driving stability on a range of surface conditions, including the wet and snow.

For the driver, this means remarkable stability, easier handling and outstanding traction as well as greater agility at every speed with precise steering and stable load transfer characteristics. What else? Unrivalled driving pleasure at every twist and turn.

Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM)

PASM, the electronic damping control system, is standard on the new 911 Targa 4S and available as an option for the new 911 Targa 4. It actively and continuously regulates damping forces according to driving style and road conditions. In addition, the suspension is lowered by 10 mm. PASM has two modes which can be selected using a separate button on the centre console: ‘Normal’, which is blend of performance and comfort, and ‘Sport’ where the setup is much firmer.

Sensors record the body movements that accompany powerful acceleration, braking or uneven road surfaces, for example. The PASM control unit evaluates the driving conditions and modifies the damping force on each of the wheels in accordance with the selected mode.

The results are tangible: increased driving stability, improved comfort and enhanced performance.

Brakes

Another crucial piece of the Porsche identity is the brakes. We value them as highly as we do our engines and chassis. They set standards for deceleration and stability, and give the driver the reassurance needed to push the car to the limits of its performance.

The 911 Targa 4 models are fitted front and rear with anodized black four-piston aluminum monobloc fixed calipers. All brake discs have a diameter of 330 mm.

On the 911 Targa 4S models, we have fitted larger brakes and more brake pistons to cope with the higher engine power of these models. Consequently, they feature red six-piston monobloc aluminum fixed brake calipers at the front and four-piston aluminum monobloc fixed calipers at the rear. The brake disc diameter is 340 mm at the front and 330 mm at the rear. The results are enhanced braking performance and stability.

On all models, the brake calipers have an enclosed monobloc construction. This makes them tougher but lighter and enables a more rapid response and release of the brake even under extreme loads. The pedal travel is short and the biting point precise. The brake discs are cross-drilled for better performance in the wet.

Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB)

The optional Porsche Ceramic Composite Brake (PCCB) has a proven track record from the world of motorsport. The crossdrilled ceramic brake discs have a diameter of 350 mm front and rear for even more formidable braking performance.

The use of six-piston aluminium monobloc brake calipers on the front axle and four-piston aluminium monobloc brake calipers at the rear – all finished in yellow – ensures extremely high brake forces which, crucially, are exceptionally consistent. PCCB enables shorter braking distances in even the toughest road and race conditions.

The key advantage of PCCB is the extremely low weight of the ceramic brake discs, which are approximately 50 % lighter than standard discs of similar design and size. As well as enhancing performance and fuel economy, this represents a major reduction in unsprung and rotating masses. The consequence of this is better road holding and increased comfort, particularly on uneven roads.

Circuit racing will require extra maintenance to be carried out in addition to the routine maintenance.

Electric parking brake

The electric parking brake, which you can activate and deactivate manually, releases automatically as you pull away. With the hill-hold function, you can pull away without ever rolling back. The system automatically detects when the vehicle has come to a halt on an uphill gradient requiring intervention. PSM then maintains the brake pressure at all four wheels to prevent the vehicle from moving in the opposite direction.

Lights

The new 911 Targa 4 models are equipped as standard with Bi-Xenon headlights including a headlight cleaning system and dynamic range control. The LED front light units incorporate direction indicators, daytime running lights and position lights.

Cutting-edge LED technology is also used for the taillights. LEDs provide better illumination and respond more quickly to driver input.

In the event of sudden braking, the adaptive LED brake lights begin to pulsate. If the vehicle is braked to a halt, the hazard warning lights will switch on automatically.

Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS).

The Porsche Dynamic Light System (PDLS) is available as an option. Its dynamic cornering light function swivels the headlights towards the inside of the bend, based on steering angle and road speed, in order to illuminate more of the road on tight bends and turns. Put simply, the road ahead is illuminated the moment you enter a bend. Speed-sensitive headlight range control is also part of the PDLS as is the adverse weather function.

LED main headlights with Porsche Dynamic Light System Plus (PDLS+).

Superior safety meets sporty design in the form of the LED main headlights with PDLS+ which are available as optional equipment. Each headlight housing features four LED spots for the daytime running lights, and one LED light ring.

In addition to being efficient and long-lasting, LED technology also creates a light very similar to daylight which helps to reduce driver fatigue.

One special feature of PDLS+ is the dynamic main beam function. A camera detects the lights of vehicles ahead as well as those of oncoming traffic. Based on the data from the camera, the dynamic main beam function then adapts the headlight range accordingly. This continuous, stepless control means that you are able to see the course of the road, pedestrians and potential hazards earlier without hindering other road users.

Porsche Stability Management (PSM)

As standard, the new 911 Targa 4 models are equipped with Porsche Stability Management (PSM) which maintains stability even at the limits of dynamic driving performance.

Sensors continuously monitor the direction, speed, yaw velocity and lateral acceleration of the car. PSM uses this information to calculate the actual direction of travel at any given moment. If the car begins to oversteer or understeer, PSM applies selective braking on individual wheels to restore stability.

Under acceleration on wet or low-grip road surfaces, PSM improves traction using the Automatic Brake Differential (ABD) and Anti-Slip Regulation (ASR). The result is a high level of driving stability and safety combined with extraordinary agility.

Airbags

The 911 Targa 4 models offer advanced airbag technology in the form of full-size driver and front passenger airbags, which are inflated in two stages depending on the severity and type of accident (e. g. frontal or offset frontal). In less serious accidents, the airbags are only partially inflated, thereby minimizing discomfort to the occupants.

In addition to the central airbag control unit on the transmission tunnel, a pair of impact sensors are located near the headlights. This allows a crash to be detected and evaluated far sooner and with considerably greater accuracy.

Porsche Side Impact Protection System (POSIP)

The new 911 Targa 4 models are equipped as standard with the Porsche Side Impact Protection System (POSIP). It comprises side impact protection elements in the doors and two airbags on each side. An integral thorax airbag is located in each seat side bolster, while the door panels each contain an upwards-inflating head airbag. Each thorax airbag has a volume of 10 liters and each head airbag 15 liters, ensuring excellent protection in the event of a side impact.

Engineered design

The innovative bodyshell of the 911 fulfils two structural design requirements: first, excellent driving dynamics due to the body’s extremely high rigidity; second, a low vehicle weight primarily as a result of the intelligent lightweight construction.

To meet the second requirement, we employed state-of-the-art techniques for combining various materials in order to utilise specific material properties exactly where they are needed.

For the bodyshell, therefore, we used very thin, but nevertheless extremely rigid, sheets of steel. Aluminum and magnesium were used extensively in areas such as the roof, underbody, front end, doors, rear wings and engine compartment and luggage compartment lids. Magnesium, which is a particularly lightweight material, was also selected for the cockpit and centre console support beam and, in the Cabriolet models, the hood shell elements.

Such material efficiency is key to reducing the overall weight and, as a result, fuel consumption of the vehicle.

For the driver, this intelligent blend of materials reduces the weight of the vehicle and offers a high level of comfort thanks to excellent vibration-damping characteristics and particularly high composite rigidity, a high degree of dynamic torsional stiffness, and especially sporty handling.

The long wheelbase improves comfort as well as straight-line accuracy and driving stability at high speeds and in fast corners.

Rollover resistance

The 911 Targa 4 models have exemplary torsional rigidity and flexural strength.

Anti-theft protection

The new 911 Targa 4 models are equipped as standard with an immobiliser with in-key transponder and an alarm system with radar-based interior surveillance. The system secures the doors, luggage compartment, passenger compartment and ignition.

Porsche Communication Management (PCM)

Porsche Communication Management (PCM) including navigation module.

Porsche Communication Management (PCM) is available as standard. Powerful, multifunctional and yet easy to use, PCM is your control center for audio, navigation and communication functions.

The main feature is the intuitive 7-inch high-definition touchscreen. Alternatively, you can choose to operate PCM using the rotary pushbutton controls or the buttons and thumbwheels on the optional multifunction steering wheel.

The DVD-audio drive plays CDs and audio DVDs and is MP3-compatible. Audio playback of video DVDs is also supported. A six-disc CD/DVD autochanger integrated into PCM is available as an option.

The Universal Audio Interface (USB) in the glove compartment enables you to connect your iPod® or any audio source – also for the purposes of charging.

You can download the performance display data from the Sport Chrono Package and data from the electronic logbook via the USB port. You can also transfer up to 5,000 tracks (40 GB) in MP3 format to the internal hard drive (or Jukebox) of the PCM and play them from there. Podcasts and audiobooks are recognized and played and cover art is displayed.

The navigation module in PCM features a high-speed hard drive and allows you to choose between a 2D display and a 3D perspective. In some regions, it is also possible to display the terrain (with an overlaid satellite map) and buildings in 3D.

BurmesterÂ^® High-End Surround Sound System

When two iconic German manufacturers join forces, the result is special. We’re referring to Porsche and Berlin-based BurmesterÂ^®, one of the most respected manufacturers of high-end audio equipment worldwide. The optional BurmesterÂ^® High-End Surround Sound System owes its eminence to countless details, and one goal: perfection in sound.

The system has 12 amplifier channels with a total output of more than 821 watts, 12 loudspeakers including an active subwoofer with 300-watt class D amplifier, a total diaphragm surface area of more than 1,340 cm², and a frequency response of 35 Hz to 20 kHz.

BurmesterÂ^® has introduced the patented integral subwoofer, which replaces the familiar separate subwoofer and loudspeaker arrangement of other systems. Crossover technology has been carried over more or less unmodified from the home audio sector. Analog and digital filters have been optimally defined for their new installation location and finely tuned following extensive in-car audio testing.

The tweeters are ribbon-based Air Motion Transformers (AMT) and ensure unmistakably fine, clear and undistorted high-frequency sound reproduction with excellent level stability. All loudspeaker housings are perfectly matched and deliver superior bass foundation, definition and impulse accuracy. The result is a natural and richly textured spatial sound even at top volume.

BOSE^® Surround Sound System

The sound of a Porsche is a unique characteristic, and we’re not referring only to the engine. The optional BOSEÂ^® Surround Sound System was specially developed for the 911 and is therefore perfectly tuned to the car’s specific interior acoustics.

It has a total output of 445 watts and comprises 8 amplifier channels, 12 loudspeakers and a patented integral 100-watt active subwoofer. The combined effect is a balanced acoustic pattern that transforms your 911 into a fast-moving concert hall.

In combination with Porsche Communication Management (PCM), the BOSEÂ^® Surround Sound System enables audio playback of DVDs and is thus able to make full use of the impressive sound spectrum of 5.1 digital recordings. Of course, you can still play other audio sources, such as CDs and MP3s, in stereo or, at the push of a button, in one of the virtual surround modes generated by BOSEÂ^® CenterpointÂ^® 2.

The BOSEÂ^®-patented AudioPilotÂ^® noise compensation technology uses a microphone to continuously measure the ambient noise inside the vehicle and adapts music playback instantly and automatically so that a consistent sound is maintained – whatever the driving conditions.

The result is a powerful sound and captivating 360° acoustic experience.

Cue the applause.

Steering wheels

In the 911, there is a point at which all forces come together. The steering wheel is the most important interface between the driver and the sports car. This is why all available steering wheels feature a high-grip steering wheel rim in smooth-finish leather and offer outstanding ergonomics. A full-size airbag is integrated as standard.

Sports steering wheel

The Sports steering wheel is fitted as standard.

The optional multifunction steering wheel has four function buttons and two thumbwheels for convenient operation of audio, telephone and navigation functions, TFT display and on-board computer. On request, the steering wheel is available in Smooth-finish Leather, Carbon Fiber or Mahogany.

In conjunction with PDK, the steering wheels are equipped with two ergonomic gearshift switches enabling you to change gear directly from the steering wheel. With the optional Sport Chrono Package, the steering wheel also features a display above the airbag module to inform you whether the SPORT, SPORT PLUS and Launch Control functions have been activated.

SportDesign steering wheel

As with the sports steering wheel, the optional SportDesign steering wheel is adjustable for both height and reach and, thanks to its grip moldings, it’s in safe hands – even on the sportiest of drives.

In conjunction with PDK, the steering wheel features two gearshift paddles. These are made from a strong alloy and are ergonomically located behind the left- and right-hand steering wheel spokes. Pull the right-hand paddle and PDK shifts up. Pull the left-hand paddle and PDK shifts down. When PDK has been combined with the optional Sport Chrono Package, the left- and right-hand spokes additionally feature a display that tells you whether the SPORT, SPORT PLUS and Launch Control functions have been activated.

Steering wheel heating

For increased comfort on cold days, steering wheel heating is available as an option for the sports steering wheel and multifunction steering wheels.

The heating is operated by a button on the rear of the lower steering wheel spoke.

Instruments

Stylish, not kitsch. Practical, not fanciful. The five round instruments provide you with exactly the information you require. They do so efficiently and accurately using pioneering technology, whilst also retaining their classic looks and layout with the rev counter in the center.

The instrument cluster with its high-resolution 4.6-inch color screen provides you with a continuous stream of data from the on-board computer, such as trip mileage, journey time or average fuel consumption.

It also displays the navigation system map, delivers various warnings, including alerts from the Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) , and tells you the current front/rear axle torque distribution. You can also use it to carry out individual settings.

Seats

Sport Seats.

The Sports seats in partial leather are comfortable and provide support even during performance driving. They are equipped as standard with electric seat height and backrest adjustment and mechanical fore/aft adjustment.

Sport Seats Plus.

Available as an option are Sports seats Plus in leather with electric seat height and backrest adjustment as well as mechanical fore/aft adjustment. The side bolsters on the cushion and backrest have firmer, sportier padding and offer even better lateral support. The backrest shells are finished in Silver Grey.

Power Sport Seats.

If you don’t want to sacrifice sportiness for comfort, the optional fully electric Sports seats provide electric adjustment of seat height, backrest angle, cushion angle, cushion depth, fore/aft position, four-way lumbar support and even the steering column.

The integrated memory package supports both exterior mirrors and all seat positions on the driver’s side as well as the settings for the steering wheel, lights, wipers, air conditioning, door locks,PCM, and instrument cluster.

Adaptive Sport Seats Plus.

The optional Adaptive Sports Seats Plus are the ideal combination of sport and comfort. Finished in leather and with side bolsters having a firm, sporty padding, they also feature shoulder supports for the best possible hold. Offering 18-way electric adjustment, the seats can be optimally adapted to meet your needs in terms of seat height, cushion and backrest angle, cushion length, fore/aft adjustment and four-way lumbar support. The steering column is also electrically adjustable.

In addition, the side bolsters on the seat cushion and backrest are independently adjustable for added comfort on long journeys and precision lateral support on winding roads. Also included is a memory function for all seat positions (apart from the side bolsters) and lumbar support on the driver’s side as well as the positions of the steering wheel and exterior mirrors. The memory function also supports, for example, settings for the steering wheel, lights, wipers, air conditioning, door locks, PCM, and instrument cluster.

Seat heating and ventilation.

Seat heating is available as an option for all seats. Seats are heated in the cushion, the backrest and the side bolsters of the front seats.

In conjunction with seat heating, we can equip the seats (except for the Sports bucket seats) with seat ventilation on request. A draught-free slipstream effect is produced by active ventilation of the perforated seat center and backrest and by passive aeration at the side bolsters. This evaporates perspiration moisture and therefore makes for a dry and pleasant seating environment, even in hot weather.

Rear seats.

The rear seats are remarkably comfortable for a sports car. With the backrests folded down, the luggage compartment volume in the new 911 Targa 4 models, with a capacity of 5.6 cubic feet, offers plenty of space for luggage too.

Adaptive cruise control with Porsche Active Safe (PAS)

Adaptive cruise control including Porsche Active Safe (PAS).

Also available as an option is the enhanced version of cruise control, which regulates the speed of your vehicle in line with the speed of the vehicle in front. A radar sensor scans the road ahead up to a distance of 650 feet.

Imagine you’ve selected a cruising speed but have begun to gain on the vehicle in front because it is driving more slowly – this is detected by the radar sensor. The system now reduces the speed of your vehicle at a maximum rate of 3.5 m/sec² by restricting throttle or by applying the brakes as appropriate to the prevailing situation until your chosen distance from the vehicle in front is maintained.

Your vehicle now follows the vehicle ahead at a reduced speed. If the vehicle ahead slows further, adaptive cruise control will decelerate your vehicle accordingly – even down to a halt. As soon as the road ahead clears, your vehicle will accelerate back up to the cruising speed originally set.

Porsche Active Safe (PAS) issues an audible and a visual warning if the system detects that your vehicle is approaching the vehicle in front too quickly. This is accompanied by a brief jolt of the brakes and, where necessary, the initiation of targeted braking. During this process, any braking by the driver is boosted to achieve the maximum braking force that the system is able to provide.

Mobile phone / BluetoothÂ^® connection

Telephone module

The telephone module enables you to establish a BluetoothÂ^® link with those mobile phones that only support the Handsfree Profile (HFP). In this case, the GSM connection is always established through the aerial of the mobile phone.* PCM acts as a hands-free system and you can leave the mobile phone tucked away.

Transport

The free Aha Radio app enables you to listen to Internet radio, news feeds, podcasts and audiobooks on PCM via your smartphone. You can also receive local information, e. g. weather reports. Points of Interest can be searched for and then transferred to the navigation system as destinations. Internet content is received via your smartphone, but you operate everything from the PCM. Online services can only be used in conjunction with the standard-fitted universal audio interface (iPhone®) or the optional mobile phone preparation or telephone module (Android® phones). The Aha Radio app can be obtained from iTunes® or Google Play®.*

* In order to use Aha Radio services with the optional telephone module, the HFP function must be activated in PCM.

Hood

Climate control.

The new 911 Targa 4 models feature two-zone automatic climate control as standard with an enhanced ventilation effect and separate temperature controls for the driver and front passenger. The available air conditioning modes are Gentle, Normal and Strong.

An active carbon filter traps particles, pollen and odors and an automatic air recirculation function permanently monitors air quality, reduces humidity and switches from fresh to recirculated air when required.

In warmer weather, a solar sensor helps the climate control to detect strong sunlight and automatically compensate for the comfort of both the driver and front passenger.

HomeLink® (programmable garage door opener).

A programmable garage door opener integrated into the overhead console. At the push of a button, it controls up to three different garage doors, lighting systems or alarm systems.

Light design package.

The optional light design package is both practical and aesthetically appealing. It comprises dimmable LEDs in the overhead console and in the areas of the door pulls, door storage compartments, front footwells and rear seats.

Cruise control.

This automatic speed control function is standard. For greater driver comfort on long stretches of road, cruise control operates in the 31 km/h speed range and is activated using a button on the steering column control stalk.

ParkAssist.

ParkAssist for the rear is fitted as standard. Featuring four inconspicuous sensors fitted at the rear, the system audibly alerts the driver to the presence of obstacles. An intermittent warning tone increases in rapidity as the obstacle is approached.

ParkAssist (front and rear).

An enhanced version of ParkAssist, with four sensors in the front end, is available as an option. The audible alert is supplemented by a visual warning in the central display, which shows a graphical representation of the vehicle from overhead.

Porsche Entry & Drive.

With the optional Porsche Entry & Drive, you can leave your car key in your pocket. As soon as you grab the door handle or approach the luggage compartment, the door or luggage compartment lid unlocks. The engine can then be started and switched off using the electronic ignition switch.

Voice control system.

If you require route guidance, need to make a phone call or want to listen to the radio, then why not just say so? Almost all of the functions of PCM can be controlled using the optional voice control system with word-by-word input. The voice control system understands complete addresses when entered as navigation destinations, as well as phonebook entries and the names of radio stations.

Transport

The luggage compartment volume in the 911 Targa a models is 4.4 cubic feet. The luggage compartment is fully trimmed in scratch-resistant materials.

Exhaust emission control

Vehicles manufactured by Porsche demonstrate that even high-performance sports cars can achieve moderate fuel consumption and exhaust emission values in their respective category.

This is enabled, on the one hand, by the use of fuel-efficient technologies such as Auto Start Stop, thermal management, electrical system recuperation, Direct Fuel Injection or coasting mode. On the other hand, new catalytic converters developed for the 911 provide efficient emission control through the use of stereo lambda control circuitry.

Fuel economy and recycling

Intelligent lightweight construction is fundamental to the Porsche identity. It is expressed through the use of a high proportion of aluminium, magnesium, plastics, super-high-strength sheet steel and environmentally friendly water-based paints. All materials are meticulously and purposefully selected. All lightweight materials are easily recyclable and all plastic components are labelled to facilitate their separation for subsequent recycling. In short, the 911 is now around 95 % recoverable.

Fuel

All Porsche models – including the 911 – are designed to operate using fuels with an ethanol content of up to 10 %, e. g. ‘E10’. Ethanol has a positive impact on the CO2 balance since the plants grown for the production of this biofuel also absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.